Global Formulations of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Dynamics on Manifolds

A Geometric Approach to Modeling and Analysis

Taeyoung Lee  |  Melvin Leok  |  N. Harris McClamroch

About the Book

This book provides an accessible introduction to the variational formulation of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics, with a novel emphasis on global descriptions of the dynamics. This represents a significant conceptual departure from more traditional approaches based on the use of local coordinates.

In particular, we introduce a general methodology for obtaining globally valid equations of motion on configuration manifolds that are Lie groups, homogeneous spaces, and embedded manifolds. This geometric perspective natively avoids the difficulties associated with coordinate singularities (such as gimbal lock) that frequently plague standard analytical mechanics.

The material is presented in an approachable fashion by considering concrete configuration manifolds of increasing complexity, which then motivates and naturally leads to the more general formulations. Understanding of the material is enhanced by numerous in-depth examples throughout the book, culminating in non-trivial applications involving multi-body systems.

Key Features

  • Global Perspective: Emphasizes formulations that hold everywhere on the configuration manifold, bypassing the limitations of local coordinate charts.
  • Geometric Mechanics Toolkit: Introduces essential differential geometric concepts (embedded manifolds, tangent/cotangent vectors, Lie groups) directly within the context of physical problems.
  • Avoiding Singularities: Demonstrates how to write globally valid equations of motion that are immune to coordinate singularities, highly relevant for aerospace, robotics, and computational control.
  • Pedagogical Structure: Written for a broad audience of mathematicians, engineers, and physicists. Basic background in differential geometry is helpful but not essential, as relevant concepts are built from the ground up.
  • Computational Relevance: Lays the rigorous continuous-time foundation required for constructing structure-preserving geometric integrators and geometric control algorithms.

Table of Contents Summary

Chapter 1: Mathematical Background
A summary of the most important mathematical concepts used in the subsequent chapters. Differential geometric concepts of embedded manifolds, tangent vectors, and cotangent vectors are emphasized. Vector fields defined on embedded manifolds are introduced to characterize dynamic flows.
Chapter 2: Kinematics
Kinematic relationships describe velocity vectors within a differential geometric setting. The concepts are rigorously defined for manifolds and illustrated by concrete physical examples.
Chapter 3: Classical Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Dynamics
The classical development is followed in the case where the configuration manifold is the vector space. A Lagrangian function is introduced and variational methods are used to derive Euler–Lagrange equations and Hamilton's equations as a baseline.
Chapter 4: Dynamics on Products of One-Spheres
Explores configuration manifolds that are a product of one-spheres (circles) embedded in a vector space, introducing variational methods to derive the dynamics for systems like coupled planar pendula.
Chapter 5: Dynamics on Products of Two-Spheres
Extends the formulation to configuration manifolds that are a product of two-spheres, deriving global equations for complex spatial systems, including the spherical pendulum and multi-link chains.
Chapter 6: Dynamics on Special Orthogonal Groups, SO(3)
The configuration manifold is a product of copies of the special orthogonal group. Variational methods are used to derive globally valid equations of motion for rotating rigid body systems, bypassing Euler angles.
Advanced Chapters (7-11)
The latter half of the monograph extends these principles to the special Euclidean group SE(3), general Lie groups, homogeneous spaces, and arbitrary embedded manifolds, providing a fully unified geometric framework for analytical mechanics.